CitSea PR24 Metabarcoding Dataset Xavier Pochon Citizens of the Sea Science Lead

Nelson 7010 NZ

xavier@citizensofthesea.org 0000-0001-9510-0407 https://nz.linkedin.com/in/xavier-pochon-9733a512 Erin Bomati Citizens of the Sea Executive Director

Nelson 7010 NZ

erin@citizensofthesea.org 0009-0004-7668-9999 https://nz.linkedin.com/in/erin-bomati-b5081b5 2026-08-13 eng This dataset contains environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding data derived from samples collected by Citizens of the Sea (CitSea) volunteers on the 2024 Pacific Rally cruising route across the southwest Pacific Ocean. Between 6 May and 3 December 2024, a fleet of 26 sailing vessels collected surface water samples across more than 1.5 million km² of ocean between Aotearoa New Zealand, Tonga and Fiji, spanning 20 degrees of latitude (36.6°S to 16.7°S). Samples were collected using the TorpeDNA towable eDNA filtration device, which captures eDNA from surface waters while the vessel is underway at sailing speeds up to 12 knots. A total of 745 samples (including 78 field negative controls) were collected; after quality filtering, 708 samples were processed at Cawthron Institute (Nelson, Aotearoa New Zealand). Four metabarcoding assays were applied to each sample targeting distinct taxonomic groups: bacterial 16S rRNA V3-V4 (Bact16S), eukaryotic 18S rRNA V4 (Uni18S), mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI), and vertebrate-specific mitochondrial 16S rRNA (mt16SMarVer3). Paired-end sequencing was performed on Illumina NextSeq platforms across six sequencing runs. Bioinformatic processing used CUTADAPT and DADA2 for quality filtering and ASV generation, with taxonomic assignment against the SILVA, PR2, MIDORI and GenBank reference databases. After all quality filters, the final dataset comprised approximately 466 million high-quality reads and 34,197 unique amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) across 708 samples.The dataset documents a clear biogeographic gradient in community structure strongly correlated with sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration, the presence of putative harmful algal bloom (HAB)-forming microalgae and pathogenic bacteria across sampling latitudes, and the detection of 43 unique vertebrate taxa including five cetacean species, among them the IUCN Endangered sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis).This Darwin Core Sampling Event dataset contains 2,218 sampling events, 589,128 occurrence records, and extended measurement or fact (eMoF) records encoding read counts and target gene information per detection. Field negative controls are excluded from occurrence data. Raw sequence data are available upon request to Citizens of the Sea. Data are managed in accordance with the FAIR and CARE data principles, national research permits, and the Nagoya Protocol on access and benefit sharing. Samplingevent eDNA environmental DNA metabarcoding amplicon sequencing ASV DADA2 citizen science ocean biodiversity Pacific Ocean southwest Pacific marine bacteria marine eukaryotes metazoans marine vertebrates 16S rRNA 18S rRNA COI mitochondrial 16S harmful algal blooms pathogens sampling event TorpeDNA GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type_2015-07-10.xml Specimen GBIF Dataset Subtype Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_subtype.xml This dataset was produced as part of the Citizens of the Sea (CitSea) programme, a non-profit initiative pioneering the use of citizen science for ocean-scale marine biodiversity monitoring. Data collection and management follow the CitSea eDNA Data Management Protocol, which is aligned with the FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) and CARE (collective benefit, authority to control, responsibility, ethics) data principles. All sampling activities were conducted under national research permits. Data collected within the Exclusive Economic Zones of Tonga, Fiji and Aotearoa New Zealand are managed in consultation with the relevant national authorities in accordance with the Nagoya Protocol on access and benefit sharing. The dataset represents one of the largest open-ocean eDNA metabarcoding datasets produced to date and provides the first high-resolution multi-kingdom biodiversity baseline for the southwest Pacific Ocean. Future campaigns are planned in partnership with the Go East Rally 2026, The Ocean Race Europe 2026, The Ocean Race 2027 and the Vendée Globe 2028. For information about data access, raw sequence data requests, or collaboration enquiries, contact Citizens of the Sea at: info@citizensofthesea.org This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC 4.0) License. Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 4.0 International https://spdx.org/licenses/CC-BY-NC-4.0.html CC-BY-NC-4.0 Southwest Pacific Ocean, covering the Pacific Rally 2024 sailing route between Aotearoa New Zealand, Tonga and Fiji. All samples were collected from surface waters (1–3 m depth) by 26 sailing vessels travelling opportunistically along rally routes. The sampling area encompasses both national Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) waters of Aotearoa New Zealand, Tonga and Fiji, and international high seas (Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction). Sampling spanned 20 degrees of latitude (36.6°S to 16.7°S) and 13 degrees of longitude (173.4°E to 186.0°E, equivalent to 174°W). Bounding Coordinates: West: 173.4 East: -174.0 (186.0°E) North: -16.7 South: -36.6 -180 180 90 -90 2024-05-06 2024-12-03 N/A phylum Chloroflexi class Nitrososphaeria class Phycisphaerae class Balneolia phylum Patescibacteria class BD7-11 class SGST604 class Nanoarchaeia class Thermoplasmata class Thermoanaerobaculia class Bacteriovoracia phylum Chlamydiota class Saccharimonadia class Dadabacteriia class Bdellovibrionia class Verrucomicrobiia class Desulfuromonadia class Rhodothermia phylum Marinimicrobia (SAR406 clade) phylum SAR324 clade(Marine group B) class Sumerlaeia phylum Fibrobacterota class Anaerolineae phylum NB1-j class Subgroup 26 class Verrucomicrobiae phylum Poribacteria class Fusobacteriia phylum Pseudomonadota phylum Thermodesulfobacteriota class Sericytochromatia phylum Myxococcota class Planctomycetes class Pla3 lineage class Lentisphaeria phylum Planctomycetota phylum Bacillota phylum Acidobacteriota class Clostridia class KD4-96 class Chlamydiae class Chlamydiia phylum Margulisbacteria kingdom Archaea kingdom Bacteria class vadinHA49 phylum Chloroflexota class Nitrospinia class Kapabacteria class Polyangia class Ktedonobacteria class Oligoflexia phylum Proteobacteria phylum Cyanobacteria class Polyangiia class Kiritimatiellia phylum Cyanobacteriota class Gracilibacteria class Kiritimatiellae class Pla4 lineage phylum Campylobacterota class ABY1 phylum Candidatus Eremiobacterota class Holophagae phylum Desulfobacterota phylum Verrucomicrobiota class Campylobacteria class BD2-11 terrestrial group class JG30-KF-CM66 class Parcubacteria phylum Balneolota phylum Thermoplasmatota class Dojkabacteria class Alphaproteobacteria phylum Nitrospinota class 028H05-P-BN-P5 phylum Dadabacteria class Desulfobulbia phylum Gemmatimonadota class Leptospirae phylum Fusobacteriota phylum Nanoarchaeota phylum Bacteroidota class OM190 class Desulfarculia class Myxococcia class Actinobacteria phylum PAUC34f phylum WPS-2 phylum Actinobacteriota phylum Actinomycetota class Bacteroidia phylum Campilobacterota class Dehalococcoidia phylum Crenarchaeota class Incertae Sedis class Fibrobacteria phylum Firmicutes phylum Spirochaetota class Bacilli class Gammaproteobacteria class Spirochaetia class Cyanobacteriia class Eremiobacteria class Vampirivibrionia class Acidimicrobiia phylum Sumerlaeota phylum Bdellovibrionota This dataset was produced to establish the first high-resolution, multi-kingdom eDNA biodiversity baseline for the southwest Pacific Ocean, a vast and historically under-sampled region of the open ocean. It demonstrates the capacity of citizen science, using standardised and user-friendly molecular sampling tools, to generate scientifically rigorous biodiversity data at an ocean basin scale that would be logistically and financially prohibitive through traditional research expedition methods.The dataset supports a range of scientific and conservation applications including: characterising spatial patterns of marine biodiversity across broad latitudinal gradients; detecting putative harmful algal bloom-forming microalgae and pathogenic bacteria across open ocean environments; identifying marine vertebrates including IUCN-listed threatened species; and establishing a reproducible, scalable framework for ongoing ocean health monitoring in the region. Understanding and safeguarding marine biodiversity is essential for sustaining life on Earth, yet the majority of the world's oceans remain biologically unexplored, particularly in offshore and remote regions where the high cost and logistical constraints of traditional research expeditions severely limit scientific coverage (Lauro et al. 2014; de Vargas et al. 2022). Environmental DNA (eDNA) technologies are transforming our ability to monitor biodiversity by offering a non-invasive, scalable and cost-effective alternative to conventional methods (Deiner et al. 2017; Ruppert et al. 2019). All marine organisms — from microbes to whales — shed DNA into their surrounding environment through skin cells, waste products and secretions. By filtering small volumes of seawater and sequencing short, taxonomically informative regions of this DNA, scientists can detect a wide array of organisms without the need for direct observation or collection, capturing biodiversity signals across multiple trophic levels with unprecedented resolution (Creer et al. 2016; Taberlet et al. 2018).The Citizens of the Sea (CitSea) programme addresses one of the most pressing challenges in ocean science: how to collect high-quality biological data at scale in data-poor regions of the open ocean. CitSea equips ocean-going vessels with the TorpeDNA towable eDNA filtration device (Pochon et al. 2024, Methods in Ecology and Evolution 15:60–68), which enables the efficient capture of eDNA from surface waters while the vessel is underway at cruising speeds of up to 12 knots. This innovation eliminates the need for specialised research vessels or laborious onboard filtration, dramatically reducing the cost and complexity of offshore sampling, and has been validated across a range of vessel types, oceanographic conditions, and user skill levels (von Ammon et al. 2023; Pochon et al. in prep.).In 2024, CitSea launched its inaugural large-scale field campaign during the Island Cruising Pacific Rally, mobilising 26 volunteer sailing vessels to collect eDNA samples across more than 1.5 million km² of the southwest Pacific Ocean between Aotearoa New Zealand, Tonga and Fiji — a region that, despite its vast extent and ecological significance, lacks a comprehensive baseline biodiversity survey. Four metabarcoding assays were applied to each sample, targeting bacteria (16S rRNA V3-V4), eukaryotes (18S rRNA V4), metazoans (COI), and marine vertebrates (mitochondrial 16S), yielding a dataset of approximately 466 million high-quality reads and 34,197 unique amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) across 708 samples. This represents one of the largest open-ocean eDNA datasets collected to date, exceeding previous efforts such as Plankton Planet (214 samples; de Vargas et al. 2022) and the Tara Expeditions (147 sampling sites; Bork et al. 2015) in terms of sample number and taxonomic breadth at the ocean basin scale.Analysis of this dataset (Saenz, Laroche and Pochon 2025, Cawthron Report 4166) revealed a clear biogeographic gradient in community structure across bacterial, eukaryotic and metazoan communities, strongly correlated with sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration, consistent with latitudinal gradients of plankton diversity previously described using both molecular and morphological methods (Pommier et al. 2007; Ibarbalz et al. 2019). ASV rarefaction curves plateaued between 370 and 523 samples for the 16S, 18S and COI markers, providing a landmark estimate of the sampling effort required to characterise planktonic communities at an ocean basin scale. Significant variation linked to vessel speed was also identified, with higher speeds associated with greater ASV richness, consistent with larger volumes of water filtered at higher speeds — an important methodological consideration for future citizen science eDNA campaigns. The dataset further enabled the first basin-scale mapping of putative harmful algal bloom-forming microalgae and pathogenic bacteria across the southwest Pacific, and the detection of 43 unique vertebrate taxa including five cetacean species, among them the IUCN Endangered sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis), detected concurrently with two independent markers at approximately 33°S.This dataset is published in accordance with FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) and CARE (collective benefit, authority to control, responsibility, ethics) data principles, and in compliance with national research permits and the Nagoya Protocol on access and benefit sharing. It is intended to serve as a foundational biodiversity baseline for the southwest Pacific Ocean, supporting ongoing monitoring of biodiversity change, early detection of harmful and invasive species, and ecosystem-based management and conservation planning across national EEZ waters and the high seas. Future CitSea campaigns are planned in partnership with the Go East Rally 2026, The Ocean Race Europe 2026, The Ocean Race 2027, and the Vendée Globe 2028, with the long-term vision of building a global, citizen-driven eDNA ocean biodiversity observatory.References:Bork et al. (2015) Science 348:873. | Creer et al. (2016) Methods in Ecology and Evolution 7:1008–1018. | Deiner et al. (2017) Molecular Ecology 26:5872–5895. | de Vargas et al. (2022) Frontiers in Marine Science 9. | Ibarbalz et al. (2019) Cell 179:1084–1097. | Lauro et al. (2014) PLoS Biology 12:e1001947. | Pochon et al. (2024) Methods in Ecology and Evolution 15:60–68. | Pommier et al. (2007) Molecular Ecology 16:867–880. | Ruppert et al. (2019) Global Ecology and Conservation 17:e00547. | Saenz, Laroche and Pochon (2025) Cawthron Report 4166. | Taberlet et al. (2018) Environmental DNA. Oxford University Press. | von Ammon et al. (2023) Molecular Ecology Resources 23:440–452. This dataset was produced through the Citizens of the Sea (CitSea) Pacific Rally 2024 campaign, made possible by the generous support of our funding partners: the Minderoo Foundation, Illumina, Live Ocean Foundation, KiwiNet, the International SeaKeepers Society, and the French Embassy in New Zealand. Laboratory analysis and bioinformatic processing were carried out by Pablo Saenz, Olivier Laroche, Xavier Pochon, Lucy Thompson, Gurmeet Kaur, Jacob Thomson-Laing, Paula Casanovas, Lisa Floerl, Jessica Schattschneider, and Frederique Laroche at Cawthron Institute (Nelson, Aotearoa New Zealand). Project coordination was led by Xavier Pochon, Erin Bomati, Mary and James Frankham, Volker Kuntzsch, and Gillian Wratt of the Citizens of the Sea Charitable Trust. We gratefully acknowledge the ongoing collaboration and scientific exchange with the OceanOmics team at Minderoo Foundation, and our Pacific partners Karen Stone (Vava'u Environmental Protection Association, Tonga), Victor Bonito (Reef Explorer Fiji), Veronique Berteaux-Lecellier (IRD/CNRS, New Caledonia), and Gael Lecellier (University of New Caledonia). This campaign was enabled by the Island Cruising New Zealand network and the 26 participating sailing vessels and their crews, whose dedication to citizen science made this ocean-scale biodiversity survey possible. asNeeded Erin Bomati Citizens of the Sea Executive Director

Nelson 7010 NZ

erin@citizensofthesea.org 0009-0004-7668-9999 https://nz.linkedin.com/in/erin-bomati-b5081b5 Xavier Pochon Citizens of the Sea Science Lead

Nelson 7010 NZ

xavier@citizensofthesea.org 0000-0001-9510-0407 https://nz.linkedin.com/in/xavier-pochon-9733a512 Step 1 — DNA Extraction: DNA was extracted from each filter using the PowerSoil Pro Kit (QIAGEN) on a QIAcube HT automated extraction system following manufacturer protocols. Extraction negative controls (blank filters) were included in each high-throughput extraction batch. Step 2 — PCR Amplification: DNA extracts were PCR-amplified using four primer sets targeting distinct taxonomic groups. All primer sets were modified with Illumina overhang adapters. PCR reactions used MyFi Mix 2× Master Mix (Bioline) in 30 µL reaction volumes. (1) Bact16S: Klindworth 341F (CCTACGGGNGGCWGCAG) / 805R (GACTACHVGGGTATCTAATCC), 35 cycles, 53°C annealing (Klindworth et al. 2013, doi:10.1093/nar/gks808). (2) Uni18S: Zhan UNI18SF (AGGGCAAKYCTGGTGCCAGC) / UNI18SR (GRCGGTATCTRATCGYCTT), 37 cycles, 54°C annealing (Zhan et al. 2013, doi:10.1111/2041-210X.12037). (3) COI: Leray mICOIintF (GGWACWGGWTGAACWGTWTAYCCYCC) / jgHCO2198 (TANACYTCNGGRTGNCCRAARAAYCA), 40 cycles, 52°C annealing (Leray et al. 2013, doi:10.1186/1742-9994-10-34). (4) mt16SMarVer3: Valsecchi MarVer3F (AGACGAGAAGACCCTRTG) / MarVer3R (GGATTGCGCTGTTATCCC), 40 cycles, 55°C annealing (Valsecchi et al. 2020, doi:10.1002/edn3.72). All assays: initial denaturation 94°C 5 min; denaturation 94°C 30 s; elongation 72°C 45 s; final elongation 72°C 7 min. Step 3 — Library Preparation and Sequencing: Amplification products were normalised using SequalPrep Normalization Plates (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and dual-indexed with Nextera XT adapters (8 cycles, 55°C annealing). Indexed libraries were pooled, purified with AMPure XP beads (1.1× ratio), and quality-checked by Bioanalyzer (Agilent) and Qubit (Invitrogen). Paired-end sequencing was performed at Sequench Ltd (Nelson, Aotearoa New Zealand) on Illumina NextSeq 1000/2000 platforms using NextSeq 600-cycle P2 kits, spiked with 25–30% PhiX Control v3. Sequencing was conducted across six runs: COTS-24-001, COTS-24-002, COTS-24-003, COTS-24-004, COTS-25-03, COTS-25-04. Step 4 — Bioinformatic Processing: Raw fastq files were demultiplexed and primers removed using CUTADAPT v4.9 (no indels allowed; minimum overlap 15 bp). Sequences were quality-filtered and denoised using DADA2 v1.30; paired-end reads were merged with a minimum overlap of 10 bp. Chimeric sequences were removed using the DADA2 consensus method. Taxonomic assignment was performed using the RDP Naïve Bayesian Classifier against SILVA v138.2 (16S) and SILVA v132 / PR2 v5.0.0 (18S); the INSECT classifier against MIDORI UNIQUE (COI); and blastn/megablast against GenBank (COI, 18S, mt16S), with results merged using the biohelper R package. Nuclear mitochondrial DNA sequences (NUMTs) were removed from COI data using MetaMate. Contaminants were identified and removed using microDecon v1.0.2 with field and laboratory negative controls. Step 5 — Quality Control: Field negative controls (n=78) and laboratory controls (n=5) were included throughout sample processing and used for contaminant removal. For 16S, only ASVs with ≥10 reads in ≥3 samples were retained; samples with <10,000 reads were removed. For 18S and COI, ASVs with ≥2 reads in ≥2 samples were retained; samples with <5,000 reads were removed. For mt16SMarVer3, only ASVs assigned to phylum Chordata were retained. Surface water eDNA sampling was conducted across the southwest Pacific Ocean between 6 May and 3 December 2024, covering the Pacific Rally sailing route between Aotearoa New Zealand, Tonga and Fiji. A total of 26 vessels participated, sampling opportunistically at the ocean surface (1–3 m depth) across more than 1.5 million km² of ocean, spanning latitudes 36.6°S to 16.7°S and longitudes 173.4°E to 174°W. Triplicate samples were collected per station during daylight hours under suitable sea conditions. Water samples were collected using the TorpeDNA towable eDNA filtration device (Pochon et al. 2024, Methods in Ecology and Evolution 15:60–68, Pochon et al; 2026, PeerJ 14:e21390 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.21390). A 47 mm nylon mesh filter (20 µm pore size; Merck Millipore) was inserted into the TorpeDNA end-cap and towed approximately 15 m behind the vessel for 5 minutes per replicate at sailing speeds of 5–12 knots. Immediately after recovery, filters were transferred using sterile forceps into 1.7 mL vials prefilled with PowerProtect™ preservation buffer (QIAGEN) and stored at 4°C on board. Samples were consolidated at drop-box locations in Nukuʻalofa (Tonga), Savusavu and Viseisei (Fiji), and shipped under chilled conditions to Cawthron Institute, Nelson, Aotearoa New Zealand. Field negative controls (blank filters processed identically) were collected throughout the campaign. Field negative controls (n=78) and laboratory controls (n=5) were included throughout sample processing and used for contaminant removal. For 16S, only ASVs with ≥10 reads in ≥3 samples were retained; samples with <10,000 reads were removed. For 18S and COI, ASVs with ≥2 reads in ≥2 samples were retained; samples with <5,000 reads were removed. For mt16SMarVer3, only ASVs assigned to phylum Chordata were retained. Erin Bomati https://nz.linkedin.com/in/erin-bomati-b5081b5 originator Xavier Pochon https://nz.linkedin.com/in/xavier-pochon-9733a512 originator This dataset contains environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding data collected during the Citizens of the Sea (CitSea) Pacific Rally 2024 citizen science voyage across the southwest Pacific Ocean. Between 6 May and 3 December 2024, a fleet of 26 sailing vessels collected surface water samples across more than 1.5 million km² of ocean between Aotearoa New Zealand, Tonga and Fiji, spanning 20 degrees of latitude (36.6°S to 16.7°S). Samples were collected using the TorpeDNA towable eDNA filtration device, which captures eDNA from surface waters while the vessel is underway at sailing speeds up to 12 knots. A total of 745 samples (including 78 field negative controls) were collected; after quality filtering, 708 samples were processed at Cawthron Institute (Nelson, Aotearoa New Zealand). Four metabarcoding assays were applied to each sample targeting distinct taxonomic groups: bacterial 16S rRNA V3-V4 (Bact16S), eukaryotic 18S rRNA V4 (Uni18S), mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI), and vertebrate-specific mitochondrial 16S rRNA (mt16SMarVer3). Paired-end sequencing was performed on Illumina NextSeq platforms across six sequencing runs. Bioinformatic processing used CUTADAPT and DADA2 for quality filtering and ASV generation, with taxonomic assignment against the SILVA, PR2, MIDORI and GenBank reference databases. After all quality filters, the final dataset comprised approximately 466 million high-quality reads and 34,197 unique amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) across 708 samples. The dataset documents a clear biogeographic gradient in community structure strongly correlated with sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration, the presence of putative harmful algal bloom (HAB)-forming microalgae and pathogenic bacteria across sampling latitudes, and the detection of 43 unique vertebrate taxa including five cetacean species, among them the IUCN Endangered sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis). This Darwin Core Sampling Event dataset contains 2,218 sampling events, 589,128 occurrence records, and extended measurement or fact (eMoF) records encoding read counts and target gene information per detection. Field negative controls are excluded from occurrence data. Raw sequence data are available upon request to Citizens of the Sea. Data are managed in accordance with the FAIR and CARE data principles, national research permits, and the Nagoya Protocol on access and benefit sharing. The CitSea Pacific Rally 2024 is the inaugural large-scale field campaign of the Citizens of the Sea programme, a non-profit citizen science initiative based in Aotearoa New Zealand. The campaign mobilised 26 volunteer sailing vessels to collect eDNA samples across more than 1.5 million km² of the southwest Pacific Ocean during the Island Cruising Pacific Rally. Sampling covered the open ocean routes between Aotearoa New Zealand, Tonga and Fiji from May to December 2024. The study area encompasses both coastal and open ocean environments spanning New Zealand EEZ waters, Tongan and Fijian EEZ waters, and international high seas. Sampling was conducted opportunistically by citizen scientist sailors rather than at pre-designated stations. Participants were trained to collect triplicate surface water samples sequentially at suitable locations during daylight hours (10 am – 2 pm) when weather and sea conditions permitted safe deployment. This flexible but standardised approach enabled scientifically valuable data collection across diverse oceanographic conditions while accommodating the safety and logistical needs of a volunteer sailing fleet. 2026-05-30T06:51:39.704+00:00 dataset Pochon X, Bomati E (2026). Citizens of the Sea Pacific Rally 2024 – eDNA Metabarcoding Dataset (Bact16S, Uni18S, COI, mt16SMarVer3). Citizens of the Sea Charitable Trust. Sampling event dataset. Published via GBIF New Zealand IPT. https://doi.org/[DOI to be assigned on publication] Pochon X, Urvois T, Quéméré E, Reynaud Y, Bomati E, Laroche O, Arnaud-Haond S, Trenkel VM, Baulier L, Boussarie G, Saenz-Agudelo P. 2026. TorpeDNA: a fit-for-purpose eDNA sampling device for marine biodiversity monitoring across applications and scales. PeerJ 14:e21390 Pochon, X., Laroche, O., von Ammon, U., & Zaiko, A. (2024). Filter no more: A modified plankton sampler for rapid in-water eDNA capture. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 15, 60–68. https://ipt.gbif.org.nz/resource?id=citsea_pr25/v1.1.xml